Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia

Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
Regno Lombardo–Veneto (it)
Königreich Lombardo–Venetien (de)
State of the Austrian Empire
←
 1815–1866
Lombardy 1815-1859
Venetia 1815-1866		 →
Flag Coat of arms
The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, 1853
Capital Milan & Venice
1815-1859
Venice
1859-1866
[1][2][3][4]
Government Absolute monarchy
Austrian Emperor
 - 1815-35 Francis I
 - 1835-48 Ferdinand I
 - 1848-66 Francis Joseph I
Viceroy
 - 1857-59 (last) Maximilian
Emperor of Mexico
History
 - Congress of Vienna 9 June 1815
 - Revolutions 22 March 1848
 - Treaty of Zürich 10 November 1859
 - Treaty of Vienna 12 October 1866
Lombardy 1815-1859
Venetia 1815-1866
Area
 - 1852[3] 46,782 km2 (18,063 sq mi)
Population
 - 1852[3] est. 4,671,000 
     Density 99.8 /km2  (258.6 /sq mi)
Currency Lombardy-Venetia pound (1816-60)
Lombardy-Venetia florin (1860-66)

The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Italian: Regno Lombardo–Veneto; German:Königreich Lombardo–Venetien; rarely styled as "Austrian Italy", German: Österreichisches Italien)[5] was created at the Congress of Vienna, which recognised the House of Habsburg's rights to Lombardy and Venetia after the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed by Napoleon in 1805, had collapsed.[6] Viceroys were to reside at Milan and Venice, who were to be appointed by the Imperial Court at Vienna.[4]

Contents

History

The Congress of Vienna combined the territories of Lombardy (which had been ruled by the Habsburgs since the 16th century, and by the Austrian branch of the family from 1713 to 1796) and Venetia (which had been under Austrian rule intermittently since 1797) into a single unit under the Austrian Habsburgs.

Administratively the Kingdom comprised two independent governments in the two parts. Lombardy included the provinces of Milan, Como, Bergamo, Brescia, Pavia, Cremona, Mantova, Lodi-Crema, and Sondrio. Venetia included the provinces of Venice, Verona, Padova, Vicenza, Treviso, Rovigo, Belluno, and Udine.[7]

The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia was first ruled by Francis from 1815 to his death in 1835. Ferdinand ruled from 1835 to 1848.

After a popular revolution on 22 March 1848 (The Five Days of Milan), the Austrians fled from Milan, which become the capital city of the Governo Provvisorio della Lombardia (Lombardy Provisional Government). The next day, Venice also arose against the Austrians, forming the Governo Provvisorio di Venezia (Venice Provisional Government). The Austrians, after defeating the Sardinian troops at the Custoza (24 July-25 July 1848), entered Milan (6 August) and Venice (24 August 1849), restoring Austrian rule.

Francis Joseph ruled over the Kingdom for the rest of its existence. His younger brother Maximilian, who later became Emperor of Mexico, served as his viceroy in Milan between 1857 and 1859.

Lombardy was annexed to the embryonic Italian state in 1859, by the Treaty of Zurich after the Second Italian War of Independence; Venetia was ceded to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866 in the aftermath of the Seven Weeks War, by the Treaty of Prague.[7]

Kings of Lombardy–Venetia

Name Reign Notes
Francis II of Austria 1814-1835 previously Duke of Milan
Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen 1814-1815 Viceroy for Franz I
Count Friedrich Heinrich von Bellegarde 1815-1816 Viceroy for Franz I
Archduke Anton Victor of Austria 1816-1818 Viceroy for Franz I
Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria 1818-1835 Viceroy for Franz I
Ferdinand I of Austria 1835-1848 son of Franz I
Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria 1835-1848 Viceroy for Ferdinand I
Franz Joseph of Austria 1848-1859/1866 nephew of Ferdinand I
Count Joseph Radetzky von Radetz 1848-1857 Viceroy for Franz Joseph
Archduke Maximilian 1857-1859 Viceroy for Franz Joseph

Sources

  1. ^ Pollock, Arthur William Alsager (1854). The United service magazine: Vol.75. London. 
  2. ^ Förster, Ernst (1866). Handbuch für Reisende in Italien: Vol.1. Munich. 
  3. ^ a b Fisher, Richard S. (1852). The book of the world: Vol.2. New York. 
  4. ^ a b Francis Young & W.B.B. Stevens (1864). Garibaldi: his life and times. London. 
  5. ^ Pütz, Wilhelm (1855). Leitfaden bei dem Unterricht in der vergleichenden Erdbeschreibung. Freiburg. 
  6. ^ Rindler Schjerve, Rosita (2003). Diglossia and Power. Berlin. 
  7. ^ a b Rosita Rindler Schjerve (2003) "Diglossia and Power: Language Policies and Practice in the 19th Century Habsburg Empire", ISBN 311017653X, pp. 199-200

See also

Former monarchies of the Italian Peninsula, Sardinia and Sicily

Amalfi • Aosta • Apulia • Arborea • Benevento • Bressanone (Prince-Bishopric) • Byzantine Empire • Cagliari • Capua • Carrara • Castro • Ceva • Corsica • Etruria • Ferrara • Finale • Florence • Duchy of Friuli • March of Friuli • Gaeta • Gallura • Genoa • Gorizia • Gorizia and Gradisca • County of Guastalla • Duchy of Guastalla • Illiria • Italy (Lombard) • Italy (Medieval) • Italy (Modern) • Italy (Napoleonic) • Istria • Ivrea • Lombardy-Venetia • Lucca • Lucca and Piombino • Mantua • Massa • Merania • Milan • Mirandola • Modena • Montferrat • Duchy of Naples • Kingdom of Naples • Nizza • Ogliastra • Ostrogothic Kingdom • Papal States • Parma • Piemonte • Piombino • Presidi • Reggio • Roman Kingdom • Roman Empire • San Donato • Salerno • Saluzzo • Sardinia • Sardinia and Corsica • Savoy • Emirate of Sicily • County of Sicily • Kingdom of Sicily • Sora • Spoleto • Tavolara • Torres • Trento (Duchy) • Trento (Prince-Bishopric) • Trieste • Torino • Tuscany • Two Sicilies • Tirolo • Urbino • Verona and Aquileia • Western Roman Empire
Provinces of the Austrian Empire